37 Baseline costs included inpatient admissions, outpatient encounters, and medications. We calculated the baseline annual medical costs of caring for a child with NMS in operative and nonoperative management groups from published estimates of annual care for children with cerebral palsy with an intellectual disability age of 14 to 17 years old from the MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid database. PSF with medically managed surgical site infectionĮrsberg and Gerdhem 33 Bohtz et al 31 Watanabe et al 34 Sewell 32 DiFazio et al 35 PSF with reoperation and surgical site infection Perioperative complication, additional costĮrsberg and Gerdhem 33 Bohtz et al 31 Watanabe et al 34 Sewell et al 32 DiFazio et al 35Įrsberg and Gerdhem 33 Bohtz et al 31 Watanabe et al 34 Health care and nonhealth care costs, 2018 US dollarsĭiefenbach et al 14 Rappaport et al 15 Berry et al 6 McLeod et al 52 Rappaport et al 15 Asher et al 36Ĭahill et al 53 Szöke et al 54 Smith et al 55 Sharma et al 19 Ramo et al 56 Reames et al 8 Mackenzie et al 57 Martin et al 58 Selection of model inputs is detailed below.īase-Case Value, Point Estimate (Range) aīasques et al 51 Tsirikos et al 25 Asher et al 36 Ersberg and Gerdhem 33 Reames et al 8Įrsberg and Gerdhem 33 Sharma et al 19 Reames et al 8
NMS ECONOMY PRO
23, 24 Model construction and analyses were performed by using TreeAge Pro 2018 (TreeAge Software, Inc, Williamstown, MA) and Microsoft Excel. We calculated incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) (combines longevity and QoL into a single measure by multiplying the duration of time in 1 health state by indicating QoL on a scale of 0 to 1 eg, 1 year of life × QoL of 0.5 utility = 0.5 QALY see Table 2 for definitions), reported as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) (additional cost to gain 1 additional QALY), and compared our findings against the traditional cost-effectiveness threshold of $50 000 per QALY, with ICERs <$50 000 per QALY considered more cost-effective. 22 We used a lifetime time horizon because NMS persists over time, and estimated values are from the health care system perspective. 6, 8 We discounted costs and outcomes by 3% annually and adjusted all costs to 2018 prices using the Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator. Parameter estimates were derived from literature about all populations of children undergoing NMS when available and otherwise from the subpopulation of children with NMS and cerebral palsy, the most prevalent comorbid condition associated with NMS. As rural communities around the country struggle with shrinking populations and correspondingly shrinking budgets, renewable energy offers hope as a way to attract businesses that may otherwise look elsewhere and bring in jobs that offer people a good living wage while staying in the community they know and love.įortunately, we have recent experience with connecting the dots across New Mexico to bring new businesses to New Mexico by touting our renewable resources: Facebook.Base-case parameters, ranges of values, and corresponding data sources are listed in Table 1. We have also seen how tapping into our renewable energy resources offers incredible opportunities for economic development. In our counties, Sandoval and Valencia, we know firsthand the importance of economic diversification for our rural communities. New Mexico has vast renewable solar and wind resources just waiting to be leveraged to help New Mexico diversify its economy. Why does this matter for New Mexicans? Thanks to our abundant wind and solar resources and our connection to the expansive Western Interconnection electric grid, we can support renewable energy production right here in our state, and even export surplus renewable energy elsewhere. Department of Energy reports renewables comprise the majority of new power sources brought online in 2021, and wind and solar technicians are two of the fastest growing jobs in the country. The solar array in Sandoval County will deliver renewable electricity to Facebook’s data center in Los Lunas.Īcross the nation, renewable energy development is booming. PNM’s solar generating array outside of Santa Fe.